Brooklyn Letters
1139 Prospect Avenue, Brooklyn
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I cannot express how grateful and rewarding my experience with Brooklyn Letters has been. Her tutor Ms. Daria is so knowledgeable, amazing, kind and awesome. My daughter has made so much progress in Literacy and Math and it's all … More thanks to Ms. Daria. I know my daughter is sad that she can no longer work with Ms. Daria, as she looked forward to their sessions every week. Thank you again!
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Christina was absolutely wonderful. She went out of her way to win my son over and it worked. He looked forward to her visits and his speech improved so much under her care. She was super flexible and it’s clear she truly cares. We adore … More Christina and we’re going to miss her. Almost sad he improved so much! She’s simply amazing and we can’t say enough how great she is. I would recommend her services to anyone and everyone, without hesitation. Thank you so much for connecting us with her!
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Nicole has been an amazing therapist!! She played a tremendous role in our daughter’s speech progress and overall development. She has come such a long way and we are so happy with the therapy she received!
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We could not be happier with the services Valerie provided! She is very thoughtful and knowledgeable and provided significant guidance to support our daughter's speech development outside of our scheduled sessions. She established … More a great working relationship with her, and she will definitely be missed! Your business model is amazing and it was an absolute pleasure working with Valerie. I've referred your organization and Valerie to the Executive Director of our daughter's school and friends/colleagues who are in need of speech therapy services.
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We cannot say enough good things about Effie, the ASL teacher, who was so engaged and effective with our 2 year old daughter from the very first session! Effie gladly included our whole family in the sessions! Her expertise and fantastic … More personality gave our daughter a way to communicate that she was so desperately seeking. The coordinators at Brooklyn Letters were so helpful and communicative…I would highly recommend their services!
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Samantha Dalmas was fantastic! We saw her for a feeding therapy evaluation and while she doesn’t think my daughter needs more feeding therapy sessions at this time, but she gave me lots of tips to try. If my daughter's doctors want … More to see more progress at her next appointment, I wouldn’t hesitate to reach out to Samantha again.
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Brooklyn Letters was recommended to me through a friend's speech therapist friend in NJ. The articulation evaluation for my daughter went well. We were pleased with Kristin's services.
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Melissa was wonderful. Our daughter warmed to her immediately and by the time she left, had already started "practicing" some of the techniques Melissa had shown her. I will not hesitate at all to reach out to Melissa again, should … More the need arise.
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Aileen was INCREDIBLY helpful to us, both in assessing possible origins of my grandson's food aversions, as well as informing us of various available interventions to consider.
I can’t thank you and Brooklyn Letters enough for connecting … More us with Aileen. In all our feeding therapy journey we have not gotten anything near the kind of benefit that we did from her. Her knowledge, professionalism, and responsiveness have put us on the path of progress with my grandson and has also made us feel genuinely well cared for. -
We were amazed with Allison! She met my son at 2 1/2 years old, not speaking much at all, and over a computer, and she was able to develop a bond and friendship, so much so that he would look forward to his weekly computer time with Allison. … More I was not sure how the speech therapy would go- but we are so happy that we tried it out and continued. It allowed my son to gain confidence in his speech, make a new friend :), and also give him the skills and a bit of understanding of how to shape his mouth or where to place his tongue to make the proper sounds. We were extremely happy with Allison- she was fantastic to work with.
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My sessions with Karen have been extremely helpful. My speech has improved tremendously. In fact, I just finished 2 hours of conducting interviews with a consulting client via MS Teams and I have an upcoming conference call. Both my … More neurologist and neurosurgeon remarked about how good my speech is. Much of the day it is perfect, although I still have some rough spots when I get tired or speak too quickly. One of my granddaughters is a speech pathology student at Ithaca College. She sat in on 2 sessions while she was home for winter break, and she was very impressed with Karen.
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We were delighted with Christie. First, and most importantly, our son made great strides under her guidance. So great, that we felt he no longer needed help! She was incredibly patient and kind with him and our son really responded to … More her. Christie was also great with me and my wife. She provided thorough and informative updates on our son's progress and which exercises she was using with him, so we could reinforce what she was teaching him. All in all, we had a fabulous experience with Christie and would highly recommend her.
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Theo was wonderful and his work with my son has produced some progress. I am grateful for the services Theo provided.
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Highly recommend Jill. She is a total pleasure to work with. After a few months working with Jill, my son is reading above grade level and LOVES to read. Mission accomplished!
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Paige was great and we had been really happy with her. I would highly recommend her! I recommend Brooklyn Letters to whomever asks for a speech therapist.
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Isabel was WONDERFUL and our son absolutely adored her, and he is making great progress with his reading and writing.
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Theo was fantastic with our 4yo son. We were very worried that his progress would fall off when we had to switch to remote sessions, but Theo kept our son happy and engaged through the screen. Highly highly recommend!
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We've been working with Theo from Brooklyn Letters for close to 4 months now and the results are apparent; our daughter has vastly improved her speech in a relatively short amount of time. We make "Theo Day" a celebration … More in our house with pancakes for breakfast, and the enthusiasm is matched in the sessions. Theo is fun, patient, professional, and caring, and he gives us the tools to take the lessons beyond the session. Thank you Theo, and Brooklyn Letters, for helping our daughter express herself.
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I worked with Alina to enhance my pronunciation, tone, and pacing while communicating socially and in a work environment. She was great to work with and clear about goals and learning objectives. The improvement from day 1 has been tremendous! … More
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Cathy has been excellent with us and our son. We will sorely miss her. He has improved significantly with Cathy’s help. Cathy was a true partner with us, especially as we pursued additional help through our son’s school system.
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We really loved working with Alina, she is so fantastic. Patient yet firm, and determined the best course of action very clearly and succintly for us. And it all transitioned so well to Zoom as well. I will definitely be back in touch for … More services for our other child after summer break!
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Vera was amazing! My 11 yo daughter made progress so quickly and really looked forward to her sessions. She was kept motivated and engaged.
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The work that Allison P. did with our daughter over the years has been invaluable to us. Our daughter had such a good relationship with Allison, and it allowed them to work really well together - even remotely these past 6 months. This … More year, Allison went above and beyond by helping us throughout the neuropsych eval we did, trying to re-open our daughter's IEP at her school, and eventually landing her at our chosen school. She was in contact with our daughter's teachers, with the neuropsychologist, and made herself available as a reference to speak on behalf of our daughter's learning differences.
Allison stopped by our house last week to give our daughter cupcakes and say goodbye, and I literally cried with appreciation for what an amazing speech therapist she has been. She has been our daughter's biggest champion. The new families that she will work with this year are lucky to have her. -
Sydney was great! Our son was sad to end his sessions with her, which says a lot. We appreciated her honest assessment of his skill level, and he now has materials to self monitor and practice. Thank you!
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Our experience with Theo was terrific. Theo was great with my son. He developed a positive relationship with him based on sincerity, respect, trust and a deep personal connection. In their lessons, Theo was encouraging, creative and kind. … More He helped our son understand how to differentiate the sounds he made when he spoke, and gave him great exercises to practice every week between lessons. Our son was sorry to have the lessons come to an end, but recognized that Theo had helped him as much as possible and it was time for him to stop. Theo explained to him (and us) how to keep working to get the last 5%, and encouraged him to keep working on the exercises on his own. I have recommended Theo to another parent who noticed my son's improvement and inquired for her own son.
We are all grateful to have gotten to know Theo, and we greatly appreciate all the work he did to help our son. -
"I have nothing but wonderful things to say about Michelle Macroy-Higgins. We are extremely pleased with her work with our daughter. I was so grateful for my daughter to have a speech therapist who is a researcher (specialty in late … More talkers), graduate professor and practitioner. Her expertise was clearly evident in our conversations and work with our daughter. She was very responsive to my questions and often sent articles and other materials about language development that I found helpful. Thankfully, my daughter's speech improved tremendously. Michelle developed such a warm relationship with my daughter. My daughter was always excited to see Michelle and would greet her at the door with a big hug. Lastly, I would add that Michelle always demonstrated empathy with me as a mother who was initially worried about her daughter's language development. I could go on and on about how pleased we were with Michelle's work."
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Theo is a wonderful Clinton Hill speech therapist. We were really pleased with him. Our son showed drastic improvement, not only in his speech but in his confidence.
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Alexa has been an enthusiastic, reliable, well prepared and caring teacher for our 6 year old daughter. She has been able to improve and increase our daughter's confidence lesson by lesson with patience and competence; through varied … More and productive didactic practice. Alexa has engaged our daughter in several activities that always kept her motivated and eager to learn literacy. My wife and I, both of us are educators, feel so fortunate to have had the opportunity to observe Alexa's pedagogical skills. Alexa has had a big impact on our daughter literacy growth. Thank you Brooklyn Letters!
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We were absolutely DELIGHTED with Marsha's services. She was wonderful. We found her to be kind, fun, engaging, very knowledgeable. She provided us with clear instructions and additional written handouts each week. She engaged our … More son with different techniques and toys, and showed us how to use her techniques when we were interacting with him. I actually just texted her on Saturday - Our son finally said "more" - one of the target words we had been working on with her. It was a total joy to hear, and I had to share it with her - she wrote back immediately to congratulate us. I am so appreciative of her expertise, and wish we could have seen her for longer. I recommended her to another family in our neighborhood who is looking for a speech therapist.
Understanding the Different Types of Stuttering Tests
Stuttering is a communication disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, making speaking a challenging and often frustrating experience. While stuttering can manifest differently in individuals, it often leads to interruptions in speech flow, repetition of sounds or words, and prolonged pauses. As research and understanding of stuttering continue to evolve, so does the development of comprehensive stuttering tests that aim to provide accurate diagnosis and effective treatment strategies.
Stuttering tests are an important part of diagnosing and treating stuttering. It is important to understand and be aware of the different types of tests available and the purpose they serve. In this blog post, we will discuss the different types of stuttering tests, how they are used, and their benefits. We will also look at the importance of accurate diagnosis and how it can help provide a successful treatment plan.
Signs and Symptoms of Stuttering
Stuttering can be a difficult condition to diagnose, as its symptoms are not always immediately obvious. Common signs of stuttering can include repetition of words or sounds, pauses and prolongations in speech, and difficulty starting a word or phrase. A person may also display physical symptoms when stuttering, such as eye blinking, facial tension, and foot tapping. To determine the severity of a person’s stutter and the best course of treatment, stuttering tests in English (US) language can be used.
Stuttering tests are an important tool in determining the severity of a person’s stutter and helping them to find the appropriate treatment. With the help of a qualified speech-language pathologist, these tests can provide insight into how the person’s speech patterns have changed and how best to tackle their stutter.
Risk Factors for Persistent Stuttering
Stuttering is a speech disorder that affects around 1% of the global population. While the exact cause of stuttering is still not fully understood, there are a number of factors that are believed to contribute to it.
Genetics plays an important role in stuttering, with 60-80% of stutterers having a family member who also stutters. Neurophysiological studies have also found differences in how the brains of people who stutter are wired compared to those who do not.
Stuttering is more common in boys than girls and usually first appears between the ages of 2 and 6 when a child is developing their language skills. Stressful situations or fear of being judged can also trigger stuttering or worsen. Environmental factors such as bullying or hearing stuttering in the home can also increase the risk of stuttering. Finally, certain medical conditions such as autism, hearing loss, or cerebral palsy can also increase the risk of stuttering.
Understanding Stuttering Tests
Stuttering is a speech disorder that affects around 1% of the world’s population. To assess the severity of stuttering, a stuttering test is often used. These tests involve asking a series of questions or tasks to measure a person’s speech fluency. This information can be used to diagnose and treat the condition more effectively.
Stuttering tests can also be used to identify other speech and language disorders, as well as provide insight into the causes of stuttering. This helps create an appropriate treatment plan.
There are norm-referenced assessments commonly used for assessment of stuttering in school-age children, such as the Stuttering Severity Index 4 (SSI4), the Test of Childhood Stuttering (TOCS), and the Behavior Assessment Battery for School-Age Children (BAB). Each of these tests has its own criteria and scoring system, offering varying levels of detail.
1. Stuttering Severity Index 4 (SSI-4)
The Stuttering Severity Index 4 (SSI-4) is a widely recognized and comprehensive assessment tool used to evaluate the severity of stuttering in individuals of all ages, from preschoolers to adults. It is designed to provide clinicians with a standardized measure of stuttering severity and assist in treatment planning, monitoring progress, and conducting research on stuttering.
The SSI-4 assesses various aspects of stuttering, including frequency, duration, and physical concomitants of disfluencies. It provides a quantitative measure of stuttering severity based on the Stuttering Severity Instrument (SSI), which has undergone multiple revisions to enhance its accuracy and clinical utility.
2. Test of Childhood Stuttering (TOCS)
The Test of Childhood Stuttering (TOCS) is an assessment tool used to evaluate the severity and characteristics of stuttering in children aged 3 to 10 years. It assesses various aspects of stuttering, including frequency, duration, and types of disfluencies. The TOCS includes different speaking tasks and contexts to capture a comprehensive understanding of the child’s stuttering profile. It also evaluates speech naturalness and provides a severity rating to aid diagnosis and treatment planning. The TOCS is designed with age-appropriate materials to engage children during the assessment process. It is valuable for clinicians to determine the severity of stuttering, monitor progress, and develop effective intervention strategies.
3. Behavior Assessment Battery for School-Age Children (BAB)
The Behavior Assessment Battery for School-Age Children (BAB) is a comprehensive set of assessments designed to evaluate various aspects of a child’s behavior, emotional functioning, and social skills. It is specifically tailored for school-age children to gather information from multiple sources, including parents, teachers, and the child themselves.
The BAB typically consists of a combination of standardized tests, rating scales, observations, and interviews. These assessments cover a wide range of domains, including cognitive abilities, academic skills, adaptive behavior, social skills, emotional well-being, and behavior problems.
The purpose of the BAB is to provide a holistic understanding of the child’s strengths, challenges, and potential underlying factors that may impact their academic performance, social interactions, and overall functioning. The BAB helps identify any developmental, emotional, or behavioral issues that may require intervention or support by assessing these different areas.
Components of a Stuttering Test
- Case History and Interviews: The SLP conducts an initial interview to gather information about the individual’s personal and family history, speech development, and previous therapy experiences. This step helps create a holistic picture of the individual’s journey with stuttering and offers insights into potential contributing factors.
- Speech Fluency Evaluation: The SLP observes and records the individual’s speech patterns in various contexts, such as conversation, reading aloud, or spontaneous speech. This evaluation includes assessing the frequency, duration, and types of disfluencies exhibited and secondary behaviors like tension or avoidance strategies.
- Language and Motor Skills Assessment: Stuttering tests often involve evaluating other speech and language aspects, such as articulation, voice quality, language comprehension, and expressive language skills. Motor skills related to speech production, such as breathing, voicing, and articulatory coordination, are also examined to understand the individual’s overall communication abilities comprehensively.
- Emotional and Psychological Factors: Stuttering can have a significant impact on an individual’s emotional well-being and self-perception. Stuttering tests may incorporate assessments to identify psychological factors like anxiety, self-esteem, and attitudes toward communication. This information helps guide the development of therapeutic interventions that address both the physical and emotional aspects of stuttering.
Treatment For Stuttering
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) can work with you to assess and treat stuttering. Treatment typically includes a combination of strategies to help reduce stuttering and increase fluency. Treatment may include relaxation techniques, breathing exercises, and strategies to increase self-confidence and reduce anxiety. Your SLP may also work with you to create a plan for daily activities and conversations. If you feel overwhelmed or anxious about stuttering, your SLP may also provide counseling to help you manage these feelings. With the help of an SLP and a customized treatment plan, many people with stuttering can improve their fluency and communication.
Conclusion
Stuttering tests serve as crucial tools in assessing and understanding stuttering, a communication disorder characterized by disruptions in speech fluency. These tests, such as the Stuttering Severity Index 4 (SSI-4), Behavior Assessment Battery for School-Age Children (BAB), and the Test of Childhood Stuttering (TOC), provide objective measures to assess the severity, characteristics, and impact of stuttering on individuals. The importance of these tests lies in their ability to guide diagnosis, treatment planning, and progress monitoring.
Stuttering tests enable clinicians to tailor interventions to individual needs, track therapy outcomes, and contribute to research advancements in the field. Ultimately, stuttering tests are vital in improving the quality of care and support for individuals who stutter.
Need help with stuttering? Chat with us today!
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Craig Selinger
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