How to Tutor a Kid with Dyslexia: A Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Understand Dyslexia

What Is Dyslexia?

Dyslexia is a neurobiological learning difference that affects reading, spelling, and language processing. It is not related to intelligence—many individuals with dyslexia have average to above-average IQs. Dyslexia is linked to difficulties in phonological processing, making it harder to recognize and manipulate sounds in words.

Key Facts About Dyslexia:

• Dyslexia affects phonemic awareness, decoding, fluency, and spelling.
• It is not caused by vision or hearing problems but by differences in brain processing.
• Dyslexia often coexists with ADHD, dysgraphia, or dyscalculia.
• Early intervention and structured literacy instruction can significantly improve reading ability.

Research Reference: The International Dyslexia Association (IDA) emphasizes that structured, systematic phonics-based instruction is the most effective intervention for dyslexic learners. (Shaywitz, 2003).

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Step 2: Use a Multisensory Learning Approach

A multisensory approach engages visual, auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic pathways to reinforce learning. This method helps dyslexic students strengthen the connection between letters, sounds, and words.

How to Implement Multisensory Learning:

• Visual – Use word mapping, videos, and color-coded text.
• Auditory – Integrate audiobooks, phonetic songs, and verbal repetition.
• Tactile – Have students trace letters in sand or use letter tiles.
• Kinesthetic – Use air writing, movement-based activities, and finger tapping.

Research Reference: The Orton-Gillingham approach emphasizes multisensory, structured instruction, which has been shown to improve phonemic awareness and decoding skills (Henry, 2010).

Step 3: Implement Structured Literacy Programs

Dyslexic students benefit from explicit, systematic, and cumulative instruction in reading and writing. Structured literacy programs follow a sequential approach, ensuring that new skills build upon previously learned ones.

Evidence-Based Literacy Programs:

• Orton-Gillingham – A multisensory, phonics-based method.
• Wilson Reading System – A systematic phonetic approach for struggling readers.
• Lexia Core5 Reading – Personalized digital literacy support.
• Lindamood-Bell – Focuses on phonemic awareness and comprehension strategies.

Research Reference: The National Reading Panel (2000) found that explicit phonics instruction significantly improves reading outcomes for students with dyslexia.

Step 4: Leverage Assistive Technology

Assistive technology can enhance reading comprehension, writing skills, and overall learning efficiency for dyslexic students. These tools help reduce frustration and increase accessibility.

Best Assistive Tools for Dyslexia & How to Use Them

🔹 Text-to-Speech (TTS) Software – Helps students listen to text while reading along.

• Example: Voice Dream Reader, NaturalReader
• 💡 How to Use: Encourage students to listen to an audiobook while following along in a printed book.

🔹 Speech-to-Text (STT) Software – Converts spoken words into written text.

• Example: Dragon NaturallySpeaking, Google Voice Typing
• 💡 How to Use: Use for brainstorming, note-taking, or essay writing to reduce writing fatigue.

🔹 Reading Pens & OCR Apps – Read printed text aloud.

• Example: C-Pen Reader, Seeing AI
• 💡 How to Use: Useful for students who struggle with reading worksheets and printed books.

🔹 Dyslexia-Friendly Fonts – Improve text readability.

• Example: OpenDyslexic, Dyslexie Font
• 💡 How to Use: Enable these fonts on digital devices to reduce visual stress while reading.

Research Reference: Studies show that TTS software improves comprehension and fluency in dyslexic learners (Wood et al., 2018).

Step 5: Create a Supportive Environment

A positive learning environment boosts confidence and motivation in dyslexic students.

How to Create a Supportive Learning Space:

• Encourage peer collaboration to foster inclusivity.
• Provide emotional reassurance to manage frustration.
• Use positive reinforcement—praise effort over academic performance.
• Implement accommodations like extra time, audiobooks, and alternative testing formats.

Step 6: Break Tasks into Manageable Steps

Dyslexic students can feel overwhelmed by large tasks. Breaking them into smaller, structured steps helps improve focus and retention.

Steps to Simplify Learning Tasks:

• Break assignments into smaller parts.
• Use visual checklists to track progress.
• Focus on one skill at a time.
• Provide immediate feedback for reinforcement.

Step 7: Encourage Active Participation

Hands-on activities make learning more engaging and memorable for dyslexic students.

Ways to Boost Engagement:

• Use flashcards, tracing letters, or acting out words.
• Encourage group discussions without forcing students to read aloud.
• Incorporate peer-assisted reading or team projects.
• Use digital tools like audiobooks and interactive writing aids.

Step 8: Foster Independence

Helping dyslexic students develop self-advocacy skills builds their confidence and prepares them for academic success.

Strategies to Promote Independence:

• Start with small tasks and gradually increase responsibility.
• Teach students to self-advocate for accommodations.
• Introduce digital tools for independent learning.
• Celebrate progress to reinforce confidence and motivation.

Research Reference: Teaching self-advocacy skills improves long-term academic success for dyslexic students (Reid et al., 2013).

Step 9: Monitor Progress and Adjust Strategies

Regular progress monitoring helps tutors adjust learning plans and ensure effective intervention.

How to Track Progress:

• Phonemic Awareness Assessment – Identifies sound manipulation skills.
• Fluency & Comprehension Tests – Measures reading speed and understanding.
• Writing & Spelling Assessments – Tracks spelling patterns and organization.
• Set measurable goals and adjust teaching strategies accordingly.

Research Reference: Progress monitoring improves literacy outcomes when adjustments are made based on student performance (Fuchs & Fuchs, 2006).

Final Thoughts

By using structured literacy programs, assistive technology, and personalized support, tutors can help dyslexic students develop reading confidence and academic success.

Brooklyn Letters offers personalized dyslexia tutoring services in NYC, utilizing a multisensory approach to enhance reading and language skills. Contact us today to learn more!